TM 9-6115-604-34NAVFAC P-8-633-34Table 9-1. General Defect Definitions (Continued)TERMDEFINITIONPROBABLE CAUSEGallingA transfer of metal from one surface toSevere chafing action; metal particles fromanother.relative parts are embedded in opposite surfaces.Lack of lubrication, improper -clearances.GroovingSmooth, rounded furrow, such as scoreConcentrated wear, parts out of alignment,marks whose sharp edges have been pol-lack of lubrication.ished off.NickA sharp indention.Careless handling, or break-up of compo-nents during operationPeeningDeformation of the surface.Repeated impact of foreign objects; failure ofcomponents during operation.PittingSmall cavities on a surface.Improper clearance or:(Mechanical) Pressure of foreign material.(Corrosive) Breakdown of surface bychemical actionScoringDeep scratches.Presence of foreign particles between loadedsurfaces having relative motion. Improperlubrication.ScratchesNarrow, shallow marks on surfaces.Careless handling, foreign particles in engine duringoperation. Improper lubrication.SECTION II. MAINTENANCE OF CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLIES9-3.GENERAL. The engine intake and exhaust is controlled by four valves for each cylinder, contained in 12individual cylinder heads. Two camshafts, one located in each cylinder bank control the opening and dosing of thevalves. Roller-type cam followers transmit the motion caused by the camshaft lobes to three push rods. Each push rodactivates an intake, exhaust, and injector rocker lever located in the rocker lever housing bolted to the top of eachcylinder head. The intake and exhaust valve crossheads, located in the cylinder heads, are moved by the rocker leversand each crosshead opens two intake or two exhaust valves. During the dosing cycle, the valves are dosed by springskeyed to the valve stems. Since 12 individual cylinder heads are used on the KTA 2300 engine, one cylinder head, or allcylinder heads may be replaced or repaired at one time, depending on the job to be accomplished. The removal andinstallation instructions cover the replacement of all cylinder heads. If it is desirable to replace one particular cylinderhead. lt may be possible to omit some of the steps. The technician will make this decision based on the job to beaccomplished, and the individual cylinder head or heads to be replaced.9-4.INSPECTION OF CYLINDER HEAD ASSEMBLIES. (See F igure 9-1 and Figure 9-2.)a.Visually examine the area around the cylinder head capscrews (11, Figure 9-1), and pipe plugs (19 and 20)for evidence of coolant leakage.b.Check all expansion plugs (21 and 22) for evidence of coolant leakage. Check expansion plugs forsoundness by tapping lightly with a punch. Expansion plugs which penetrate easily shall be replaced inaccordance with paragraph 2-10.c.Inspect the head gasket area for signs of coolant leakage.d.Remove the valve covers in accordance with paragraph 9-5, step h.e.Inspect the rocker arms (12, 13, and 14, Figure 9-2) and crossheads (8, Figure 9-1) for breakage or outwardsigns of cracking.f.Inspect the valve springs (3) for breakage.g.Inspect the valve guides (25) for breakage or outward signs of cracking.9-3
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